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目录

1 Text

Abstract

str 这个类是 Python 中最明显的文本处理工具，但是，其实内置标准库中，还有很多可以使高级文本操作变得简单的其他工具。

string.Template 比 str 功能强，但没 web 框架提供的模板功能丰富，不过， 作为一个功能适中的工具，它可以满足将动态值插入其他静态文本的需求。

textwrap 模块，可以限制输出宽度、添加缩进，插入换行符以一致换行来格式化段落文本等。

标准库提供了两个对比文本数据的模块：re 和 difflib。re提供了一个完整的正则表达式库，用C实现以提高速度。正则匹配非常适用于在大数据集中查找子字符串，模式对比以及解析等。

difflib 模块正相反，根据添加、删除或更改的部分，计算文本序列之间的实际差异。difflib 中比较函数的输出可用于向用户提供更详细的反馈，以了解两个输入中的更改位置、文档随时间的变化情况等。

  • string --- Text Constants and Templates
  • textwrap --- Formatting Text Paragraphs
  • re --- Regular Expressions
  • difflib --- Compare Sequences

2 Data Structures

Abstract
  • enum --- Enumeration Type
  • collections --- Container Data Types
  • array --- Sequence of Fixed-type Data
  • heapq --- Heap Sort Algorithm
  • bisect --- Maintain Lists in Sorted Order
  • queue --- Thread-Safe FIFO Implementation
  • struct --- Binary Data Structures
  • weakref --- Impermanent References to Objects
  • copy --- Duplicate Objects
  • pprint --- Pretty-Print Data Structures

3 Algorithms

Abstract
  • functools --- Tools for Manipulating Functions
  • itertools --- Iterator Functions
  • operator --- Functional Interface to Built-in Operators
  • contextlib --- Context Manager Utilities

4 Dates and Times

Abstract
  • time --- Clock Time
  • datetime --- Date and Time Value Manipulation
  • calendar --- Work with Dates

5 Mathematics

Abstract
  • decimal --- Fixed and Floating Point Math
  • fractions --- Rational Numbers
  • random --- Pseudorandom Number Generators
  • math --- Mathematical Functions
  • statistics --- Statistical Calculations

6 The File System

Abstract
  • os.path --- Platform-independent Manipulation of Filenames
  • pathlib --- Filesystem Paths as Objects
  • glob --- Filename Pattern Matching
  • fnmatch --- Unix-style Glob Pattern Matching
  • linecache --- Read Text Files Efficiently
  • tempfile --- Temporary File System Objects
  • shutil --- High-level File Operations
  • filecmp --- Compare Files
  • mmap --- Memory-map Files
  • codecs --- String Encoding and Decoding
  • io --- Text, Binary, and Raw Stream I/O Tools

7 Data Persistence and Exchange

Abstract
  • pickle --- Object Serialization
  • shelve --- Persistent Storage of Objects
  • dbm --- Unix Key-Value Databases
  • sqlite3 --- Embedded Relational Database
  • xml.etree.ElementTree --- XML Manipulation API
  • csv --- Comma-separated Value Files

8 Data Compression and Archiving

Abstract
  • zlib --- GNU zlib Compression
  • gzip --- Read and Write GNU zip Files
  • bz2 --- bzip2 Compression
  • tarfile --- Tar Archive Access
  • zipfile --- ZIP Archive Access

9 Cryptography

Abstract
  • hashlib --- Cryptographic Hashing
  • hmac --- Cryptographic Message Signing and Verification

10 Concurrency with Processes, Threads, and Coroutines

Abstract
  • subprocess --- Spawning Additional Processes
  • signal --- Asynchronous System Events
  • threading --- Manage Concurrent Operations Within a Process
  • multiprocessing --- Manage Processes Like Threads
  • asyncio --- Asynchronous I/O, event loop, and concurrency tools
  • concurrent.futures --- Manage Pools of Concurrent Tasks

11 Networking

Abstract
  • ipaddress --- Internet Addresses
  • socket --- Network Communication
  • selectors --- I/O Multiplexing Abstractions
  • select --- Wait for I/O Efficiently
  • socketserver --- Creating Network Servers

12 The Internet

Abstract
  • urllib.parse --- Split URLs into Components
  • urllib.request --- Network Resource Access
  • urllib.robotparser --- Internet Spider Access Control
  • base64 --- Encode Binary Data with ASCII
  • http.server --- Base Classes for Implementing Web Servers
  • http.cookies --- HTTP Cookies
  • webbrowser --- Displays web pages
  • uuid --- Universally Unique Identifiers
  • json --- JavaScript Object Notation
  • xmlrpc.client --- Client Library for XML-RPC
  • xmlrpc.server --- An XML-RPC server

13 Email

Abstract
  • smtplib --- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
  • smtpd --- Sample Mail Servers
  • mailbox --- Manipulate Email Archives
  • imaplib --- IMAP4 Client Library

14 Application Building Blocks

Abstract
  • argparse --- Command-Line Option and Argument Parsing
  • getopt --- Command Line Option Parsing
  • readline --- The GNU readline Library
  • getpass --- Secure Password Prompt
  • cmd --- Line-oriented Command Processors
  • shlex --- Parse Shell-style Syntaxes
  • configparser --- Work with Configuration Files
  • logging --- Report Status, Error, and Informational Messages
  • fileinput --- Command-Line Filter Framework
  • atexit --- Program Shutdown Callbacks
  • sched --- Timed Event Scheduler

15 Internationalization and Localization

Abstract
  • gettext --- Message Catalogs
  • locale --- Cultural Localization API

16 Developer Tools

Abstract
  • pydoc --- Online Help for Modules
  • doctest --- Testing Through Documentation
  • unittest --- Automated Testing Framework
  • trace --- Follow Program Flow
  • traceback --- Exceptions and Stack Traces
  • cgitb --- Detailed Traceback Reports
  • pdb --- Interactive Debugger
  • profile and pstats --- Performance Analysis
  • timeit --- Time the execution of small bits of Python code.
  • tabnanny --- Indentation validator
  • compileall --- Byte-compile Source Files
  • pyclbr --- Class Browser
  • venv --- Create Virtual Environments
  • ensurepip --- Install the Python Package Installer

17 Runtime Features

Abstract
  • site --- Site-wide Configuration
  • sys --- System-specific Configuration
  • os --- Portable access to operating system specific features
  • platform --- System Version Information
  • resource --- System Resource Management
  • gc --- Garbage Collector
  • sysconfig --- Interpreter Compile-time Configuration

18 Language Tools

Abstract
  • warnings --- Non-fatal Alerts
  • abc --- Abstract Base Classes
  • dis --- Python Bytecode Disassembler
  • inspect --- Inspect Live Objects

19 Modules and Packages

Abstract
  • importlib --- Python’s Import Mechanism
  • pkgutil --- Package Utilities
  • zipimport --- Load Python Code from ZIP Archives

20 Unix-specific Services

Abstract
  • pwd --- Unix Password Database
  • grp --- Unix Group Database

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